The vortices created by the wings of an aircraft. Stunning! Even more stunning is this image. [via APOD] You can recreate a bit of this using a bag of flour and a table fan. (Don't tell you spouse/parent/child that I suggested it. And clean up after.)
Is that the Flying Spaghetti Monster?
I'm wondering what the smoke is for. It looks like some sort of pyrotechnics from the plane (which appears to be a large military transport). They often emit flares to confuse incoming heat seeking missles, but this looks like maybe 50 of them all at once.